Swiss register marked drop in asylum seekers

The number of asylum seekers has fallen by almost a third, officials in Bern said on Tuesday in the wake of repeated tightening of immigration rules over recent years.

Published: 16 July 2013 21:06 CEST

Swiss register marked drop in asylum seekers

Poster of opponents to tightening Swiss asylum laws. Photo: Stopexclusion.ch

Between January and June, 11,205 people filed asylum claims, mostly from Tunisia, Nigeria and Eritrea, the Swiss federal migration office said.

Over the past three decades, Swiss voters have regularly backed tougher asylum laws, most recently in a plebiscite in June that removed desertion from the military as grounds for receiving a safe haven.

The populist Swiss People's Party — the largest single force in parliament — has proven particularly skillful at leading the debate on the asylum issue.

It pushes a message that Switzerland is a magnet for bogus asylum-seekers who are really seeking a better life in the wealthy nation.

Critics on the left of the political spectrum reject that and say the country's rules efficiently filter out undeserving cases.

It can take years to process an asylum claim, and less than 12 percent of those whose cases were handled in 2012 were granted a haven.

The migration office said the 30.6 percent decrease in the number of asylum seekers in the first half of this year compared with the same period of 2012 was "unusual", notably because the rate of decline picked up pace with each passing month.

The spring months normally see a rise in numbers, the office said, adding that claims across Europe have risen by 10 percent over the same period.

But it is still too early to describe the fall in numbers in Switzerland as a trend, the office cautioned.

It also made no comment on whether Switzerland's change of stance on military deserters may have led asylum-seekers to turn elsewhere for fear of having their claims rejected.

Desertion has been the grounds for asylum most frequently cited by Eritreans, whose homeland imposes unlimited military service, with low wages, on all able-bodied men and women.

Some 48,000 people are currently in the process of seeking asylum in Switzerland, including the 28,631 who arrived in 2012, a 10-year record.

Last year's surge, attributed in part to the Arab Spring uprisings, took Switzerland back to a level last seen in the wake of the Balkan wars of the 1990s.

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With the German far right coming out on top in two state elections earlier this month, the socialist-led national Berlin government has reimposed border controls on Western frontiers that are supposed to see freedom of movement in the European Union’s Schengen zone.

The Netherlands government, which includes the party of Dutch far-right leader Geert Wilders, announced on Wednesday that it had requested from Brussels an opt-out from EU rules on asylum, with Prime Minister Dick Schoof declaring that there was an asylum “crisis”.

Meanwhile, new British Prime Minister Keir Starmer of the left-wing Labour Party paid a visit to Rome for talks with Italian counterpart Georgia Meloni, whose party has neo-fascist roots, to discuss the strategies used by Italy in seeking to reduce migration.

Far-right parties performed strongly in June European elections, coming out on top in France, prompting President Emmanuel Macron to call snap elections which resulted in right-winger Michel Barnier, who has previously called for a moratorium on migration, being named prime minister.

We are witnessing the “continuation of a rightward shift in migration policies in the European Union,” said Jerome Vignon, migration advisor at the Jacques Delors Institute think-tank.

It reflected the rise of far-right parties in the European elections in June, and more recently in the two regional elections in Germany, he said, referring to a “quite clearly protectionist and conservative trend”.

Strong message

“Anti-immigration positions that were previously the preserve of the extreme right are now contaminating centre-right parties, even centre-left parties like the Social Democrats” in Germany, added Florian Trauner, a migration specialist at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Dutch-speaking university in Brussels.

While the Labour government in London has ditched its right-wing Conservative predecessor administration’s plan to send asylum seekers to Rwanda, there is clearly interest in a deal Italy has struck with Albania to detain and process migrants there.

Within the European Union, Cyprus has suspended the processing of asylum applications from Syrian applicants, while laws have appeared authorising pushbacks at the border in Finland and Lithuania.

Under the pretext of dealing with “emergency” or “crisis” situations, the list of exemptions and deviations from the common rules defined by the European Union continues to grow.

All this flies in the face of the new EU migration pact, agreed only in May and coming into force in 2026.

In the wake of deadly attacks in Mannheim and most recently Solingen blamed on radical Islamists, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s government also expelled 28 Afghans back to their home country for the first time since the Taliban takeover of Kabul.

Such gestures from Germany are all the more symbolic given how the country since World War II has tried to turn itself into a model of integration, taking in a million refugees, mainly Syrians in 2015-2016 and then more than a million Ukrainian exiles since the Russian invasion.

Germany is sending a “strong message” to its own public as well as to its European partners, said Trauner.

The migratory pressure “remains significant” with more than 500,000 asylum applications registered in the European Union for the first six months of the year, he said.

‘Climate on impunity’

Germany, which received about a quarter of them alone, criticises the countries of southern Europe for allowing migrants to circulate without processing their asylum applications, but southern states denounce a lack of solidarity of the rest of Europe.

The moves by Germany were condemned by EU allies including Greece and Poland, but Scholz received the perhaps unwelcome accolade of praise from Hungarian right-wing Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Moscow’s closest friend in the European Union, when he declared “welcome to the club”.

The EU Commission’s failure to hold countries to account “only fosters a climate of impunity where unilateral migration policies and practices can proliferate,” said Adriana Tidona, Amnesty International’s Migration Researcher.

But behind the rhetoric, all European states are also aware of the crucial role played by migrants in keeping sectors going including transport and healthcare, as well as the importance of attracting skilled labour.

“Behind the symbolic speeches, European leaders, particularly German ones, remain pragmatic: border controls are targeted,” said Sophie Meiners, a migration researcher with the German Council on Foreign Relations.

Even Meloni’s government has allowed the entry into Italy of 452,000 foreign workers for the period 2023-2025.

“In parallel to this kind of new restrictive measures, they know they need to address skilled labour needs,” she said.