Gholam Hossein Kazemi of the Environment Protection Organisation, quoted by IRNA, said the pair were caught in the western Ilam province in possession of an " alligator and hunting devices to capture the animals alive", news agency AFP reported.
The exact animal was, however, named as a toad-headed agama by the Iranian newspaper Arman.
The suspects were referred to a provincial court "for legal proceedings", he said without elaborating.
Spain's embassy in Tehran said it was unaware of the arrests, while Kazemi told IRNA the suspects said they were ignorant of Iran's environmental protection laws.
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