The chairman of Sweden's Football Association said he was "extremely disappointed" that football fans would not get to watch any of the tournament in Stockholm.
"We really thought we'd get matches in Sweden," Karl-Erik Nilsson told Swedish television.
"We had the European Championship Ladies Final at the Friends Arena and received positive signals. This is surprising."
The Euros usually take place in just one or two countries, but for the 60th anniversary of the European Championship, first held in 1960, UEFA decided to organise the tournament across the whole continent.
In all 19 cities bid for a chance to host Euro 2020 games, with 13 given the green light to hold games. Stockholm was one of just six locations not to get the nod.
Copenhagen to host four Euro 2020 matches
Scandinavian sports fans will be able to head to Copenhagen during the tournament, where the newly-rechristened Telia Parken will host three group matches and a final 16 face-off.
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