Police in the city have told The Local that the man was shot at while he was in a carpark Angered, about 13 kilometres north of the city centre.
The victim, who police say was "aged around 30", was taken to hospital where he was pronounced dead.
Regional newspaper GP has speculated that the shooting was gang related, but police have not commented on this.
"That is what some journalists may have said but this is not something we can talk about," Stefan Gustavson, a spokesperson for west Götaland police told The Local.
"There is very little we can say right now. We are investigating what happened. We do not have a suspect for this morning's shooting right now," he added.
The attack followed a separate deadly shooting on Wednesday night.
Officers were called to an apartment block in Brämaregården in Hisingen after a man in his fifties was shot. He also died later in hospital.
Four men in their 20s have been arrested following Wednesday's shooting and are being held by police on suspicion of murder and aggravated assault.
Both attacks come just a month after Gothenburg made global headlines after two people were killed and eight others injured in a shooting at a restaurant, which also took place in Hisingen.
While there have been dozens of shootings involving criminal gangs in Hisingen in recent years, fatalities are relatively rare.
“Today, the gang environment is… I don't want to exactly call it the Wild West, but something in that direction,” Amir Rostami, a leading authority on Sweden's organized crime groups told The Local last month.
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