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‘Trouble and turmoil’: What the CDU crisis means for the future of Merkel and Germany

After the CDU leader's shocking announced departure following the Thuringia vote debacle, we look at where the party goes from here, what it means for Merkel and if it will ever team up with the far-right.

Published: 11 February 2020 10:43 CET
'Trouble and turmoil': What the CDU crisis means for the future of Merkel and Germany
Angela Merkel receives Valentine's Day flowers from the German Horticultural Association (ZVG) on Tuesday. Photo: DPA

German politics is anything but dull at the moment, and the latest chapter adds to the uncertainty of what happens next. Here's a breakdown. 

What’s happened?

Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, who took over as leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from German Chancellor Angela Merkel in December 2018, announced on Monday she would quit later this year after a vote debacle involving her party and the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) in the central-eastern state of Thuringia. 

READ ALSO:

What does it mean?

Kramp-Karrenbauer’s decision not to stand for chancellor in the race to succeed veteran Merkel – or continue as leader of the CDU – plunges the party into disarray over where it stands politically and its game plan for the future.

AKK and Merkel at a CDU meeting in 2018. Photo: DPA

This in turn has a major impact on the German political landscape.

But does the party recognize this fully?

Dresden-based political scientist Werner Patzelt believes the CDU – once one of Germany's thriving 'Volkspartei' (people's party) but haemorrhaging support in recent years – is still in denial about how bad things are.

“The CDU as far as I can see has not yet accepted that it is in a deep crisis,” Patzelt told The Local. 

Under Merkel, the party has undoubtedly moved to the centre. Many argue that Merkel’s open-door immigration policy created a vortex that resulted in support for the far-right anti-immigration AfD growing exponentially. 

READ ALSO: 'Germany's future depends on immigration and integration': Merkel

Now the party is split, and Kramp-Karrenbauer's leadership has failed to bring it onto the same page.

“There’s a significant number in the CDU who believe the policies by Angela Merkel have been just great for the CDU,” said Patzelt. 

“There is another group that says the CDU has suffered from severe losses during elections, and that the CDU has allowed the AfD to conquer political territory occupied by the CDU by turning away right-wing orientated people and allowing the AfD to take political positions that have been held by the CDU, not even 10 years ago.

“So there are these two wings in the CDU, and the CDU must take a decision as to which direction it takes. But it can only take a decision as soon as the party accepts that a decision needs to be taken.”

So what happens next?

The CDU will need to find a new leader and a candidate for the German chancellorship. 

There are four possible names so far for chancellor – Friedrich Merz, an old rival of Merkel's, Jens Spahn, the young and ambitious current Health Minister, Armin Laschet, centrist ally of Merkel and state premier of Germany's most populous region North Rhine-Westphaia.

A recent poll found Merz would was the most popular choice.

Graph created for the The Local by Statista. Photo: DPA

Lastly there's Markus Söder, head of the CDU’s Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU),  who is seen as having a more distant shot at the chancellery – and may not even want to throw his hat in the ring.

In the coming days and weeks other possible candidates could surface.

“The direction the Christian Democratic Union takes is absolutely open,” Patzelt said.

READ MORE: From 'avenger' to 'anti-Merkel': Who could be Germany's next chancellor?

What will happen to Merkel?

Commentators in Germany never pass up the chance to mull over when Merkel's time is coming to an end. And it's no different this time.

But now that her party's leadership is up in the air, there really could be massive implications on her plans to stay in the chancellor's seat until her fourth term ends next year.

“It's very possible that the chancellor's exit is coming closer,” Süddeutsche Zeitung said on Monday.

Kramp-Karrenbauer said Monday that “separating the office of chancellor and the party chairmanship is weakening the CDU,” – an implicit rebuke to Merkel's 2018 decision to split the two.

Merkel gave up on the party leadership then as a string of regional defeats and the growth of the far right undermined her popularity within her own ranks.

Merkel, who has been in power since 2005, announced at that time that she would not run again for the highest office.

“This is the next crisis within the CDU,” said Patzelt. “Kramp-Karrenbauer says it makes no sense to distinguish between the candidate for the chancellorship and the party chairman.”

Patzelt said Merkel could have to “retreat from office” earlier than she planned “making place for her successor as chancellor or at least as chancellor candidate”.

“And whether Angela Merkel will do so for the likes of Merz is an open question,” he added.

Germany's next national elections must take place by autumn next year, although the fragile coalition between the CDU, its Bavarian CSU allies and the SPD may not hold until then.

What is this to do with Thuringia?

The CDU has a policy of no cooperation with either far-left or far-right at a national level, but regional CDU politicians went rogue during a vote to elect the new state premier in Thuringia last week – and voted with MPs from the AfD to oust far-left state premier Bodo Ramelow.

The breach in the political dam towards the AfD in Thuringia prompted Merkel's junior partners in the national government, the Social Democratic Party (SPD), to call urgent talks at the weekend about the partnership's future.

READ ALSO:

The fiasco also highlighted AKK's lack of authority over her party, resulting in political turmoil and coming to a head with her announcement she would step down.

The effects of Thuringia have created fear that the far-right could have a greater foothold in mainstream German politics.

The CDU must clarify its relationship to far-right extremists,” SPD co-leader Norbert Walter-Borjans told a press conference on Monday.

Centre-left SPD ministers will not work with a party “that leaves room for far-right forces,” he added.

SPD leaders Norbert Walter-Borjans and Saskia Eskens made a statement on Monday about the CDU. They spoke in front of a sign, “Distribute fairly”. Photo: DPA

Patzelt said the drama in Thuringia reflects the CDU's difficulties because the party hasn't come to grips with the fact it is a “minor party” .

“The CDU has lost its power, has lost its votes, it's not accepting that it is a minor party, not accepting the leadership of the Left government. The CDU doesn’t accept this role of being a second or third rate party in some of the German states,” he said.

“It's not surprising that the party chairman has to step down.”

Aside from the Thuringia episode, Kramp-Karrenbauer, 57, who's also Defence Minister, hasn't fared that well as leader, although she sought to stand apart from Merkel's centrist stance, by championing a tougher stance on asylum seekers and floated the idea of reintroducing compulsory military service.

READ ALSO: Merkel's crown princess seeks to chart own path

Ultimately she was weakened by election results, particularly in eastern Germany's former communist states, where the support fell to the AfD.

AKK also walked into a few blunders, such as a transgender bathroom joke that backfired and a response to a YouTube star's video. 

READ ALSO: Merkel successor slammed over intersex toilet joke

Will the CDU ever work with the AfD?

It’s not impossible but it’s not likely in the near future, said Patzelt. 

“Everyone who gets close to the AfD is committing political suicide,” he added, pointing to the Thuringia debacle. 

But in five or 10 years, if the AfD decides to become a “normal party in the framework of the German political party system”, then it has more of a chance of being accepted by mainstream parties.

“The only thing we know for sure is that the CDU is going into a time of trouble and turmoil,” said Patzelt.

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POLITICS

ANALYSIS: What’s at stake in Germany’s eastern state elections?

After success in Thuringia and Saxony, the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) may well come in first in another eastern state election this Sunday. We spoke with a political scientist to analyse what's at stake as Brandenburg goes to the polls.

Published: 19 September 2024 09:11 CEST
ANALYSIS: What's at stake in Germany's eastern state elections?

German politics’ “eastern September” is set to finally end Sunday – with more ruminations and reflections likely to come about the recent fortunes of the far-right AfD at the ballot box.

If current polls are anything to go by, the AfD could come in first in the eastern state encircling Berlin – which counts Potsdam as its capital.

After overtaking the governing Social Democrats (SPD) in a recent shock poll, the party is currently at around 28 percent, compared to the SPD on 25 percent. The centre-right Christian Democrats come in at 16 percent in the latest poll and the left-populist Sarah Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) – named after its founder – charts in at 14 percent.

The remaining parties come in much lower – with the Greens, Left and liberal Free Democrats all facing possible ejection from the state parliament.

Another victory for the AfD – or even a strong showing should the SPD still manage a narrow surprise win – will certainly boost the far-right’s confidence, after it came in first in Thuringia and second in Saxony earlier this month, following state elections that saw all three of Germany’s federally governing parties take massive losses.

Thuringia and Saxony results will likely hang over Brandenburg on Sunday – with Germany’s governing parties, many everyday Germans, and foreigners all watching with some trepidation. Here’s what to watch out for following the Brandenburg result.

READ ALSO: ‘Political earthquake’ – What the far-right AfD state election win means for Germany 

A newly confident AfD insists it must be part of government

The AfD has repeatedly argued that it must be considered as a possible coalition partner to join German governments – whether at the federal, state, or local level. 

“There are no politics without the AfD,” its co-leader Tino Chrupalla said following the Thuringia results. However, all other parties have explicitly refused to work with the AfD to form a governing coalition – meaning that as high as its results this month have been, they fall well short of the absolute majority that would be required to govern alone.

READ ALSO: ‘We need change’: Germany’s far-right eyes power after state election win

However, its getting more difficult to form coalitions to keep the AfD out, with the centre-right CDU in Thuringia even open to governing with the leftwing populist BSW after mainstream parties like the Greens and FDP were thrown out of state parliament entirely.

University of Mainz political scientist Kai Arzheimer, who specialises in the German far-right, says whether the far-right ever get into a German government or not depends mostly on whether – and how – the CDU is willing to work with the AfD.

Thuringia election results on a screen

People watch the first exit polls results for Thuringia’s state elections come in at the State Parliament in Erfurt on September 1st, 2024. Photo by Joerg CARSTENSEN / AFP

“For the time being, it should be able to form coalitions against the AfD, even if they are rather awkward,” says Arzheimer, who adds that even the different regional chapters of the CDU may have different opinions about working with the AfD.

“Within the eastern state parties of both the CDU and the FDP, there seems to be some appetite for coming to an arrangement with the AfD. While a formal coalition would probably split either party, we have already seen some tentative moves towards an informal cooperation.”

Ultimately, the Brandmauer or “firewall” concept in German politics – in which all other parties refuse to work with the AfD – may end up coming under increasing stress on the back of eastern state election results, where governing with the far-right no longer becomes unthinkable.

READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: Could the far-right AfD ever take power in Germany?

What the mainstream parties take from eastern election results

It’s probably no coincidence that Germany’s ruling government decided to re-institute border controls at its land borders with other EU states shortly after the AfD topped the Thuringia state poll, according to Arzheimer, who says the elections are just the latest in a number of things at work when if comes to Germany’s migration debate.

“The border controls, the plans for the stricter enforcement of repatriation orders, and most of all the government’s harsher rhetoric are as much a reaction to Saxony and Thuringia as they are an attempt to control the fallout from the Solingen knife attack and a response to the whole ‘debate’ on immigration,” he says.

“Many experts seem to agree that they are neither practical nor that useful, and introducing them more or less overnight smacks of a degree of panic.”

READ ALSO: Should foreign residents in Germany be concerned about far-right AfD win?

Polls conducted following the election found that migration and internal security issues were big drivers of the AfD vote – despite these being issues for the national, rather than regional, government. 

Of the AfD voters in Thuringia, more than 70 percent said either migration or crime and internal security played the largest role in influencing their vote. Slightly less than ten percent said social security. Despite the AfD’s pro-Russian views, only three percent of AfD voters in Thuringia said Germany’s support of Ukraine decisively influenced their votes.

Besides the mainstream parties like the SPD reacting with spur-of-the-moment migration policies, the Brandenburg result may end up putting pressure on Chancellor Olaf Scholz from within his own SPD.

Brandenburg SPD’s Dietmar Woidke may still be able to hold onto the premiership, but he has said he will resign if he doesn’t beat the AfD outright. Should he lose, calls may grow louder within the SPD for Scholz to resign himself – or at least declare that he won’t stand as a chancellor candidate again.

READ ALSO: How an explosive row over immigration has divided Germany

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