The ruling coalition has been in crisis since former premier Matteo Renzi withdrew his Italia Viva party last week.
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Conte has been desperately seeking the backing of opposition lawmakers to allow his coalition government, formed in 2019, to stay in power.
“The government has also got the confidence of the Senate. Now the goal is to make this majority even more solid. Italy doesn't have a minute to lose,” Conte tweeted on Tuesday night, shortly after the vote
Il Governo ottiene la fiducia anche al Senato. Ora l’obiettivo è rendere ancora più solida questa maggioranza. L'Italia non ha un minuto da perdere. Subito al lavoro per superare l'emergenza sanitaria e la crisi economica. Priorità a piano vaccini, Recovery Plan e dl ristori
— Giuseppe Conte (@GiuseppeConteIT) January 19, 2021
Giuseppe Conte wins the confidence vote in ?? Italy's Senate with a very slim simple majority. He can stay on, but it will be extremely difficult to govern. There will be more maneuvers in the coming day, but a strong government this is not. #Senato
— Ferdinando Giugliano (@FerdiGiugliano) January 19, 2021
Conte's government won a first confidence vote late Monday in the lower house, but faced a tougher task persuading the Senate, where it lost its majority following Italia Viva's defection.
In both speeches to the Chamber of Deputies and Senate, Conte appealed for support from lawmakers from “the highest European tradition – liberal, popular and socialist”.
A view of the Senate at Palazzo Madama in Rome prior to the confidence vote on January 19th. Photo: Alessandra Tarantino/POOL/AFP
Conte's coalition is made up of the former anti-establishment Five Star Movement (M5S), the centre-left Democratic Party (PD) and a smaller leftist party.
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Conte will hope over the coming weeks to persuade a few renegade Christian Democrat, conservative and socialist lawmakers, as well as former M5S members and defectors from Renzi's side, to join them.
The knife-edge nature of the vote was demonstrated by the decision of some lawmakers to attend despite coronavirus restrictions.
Liliana Segre, a 90-year-old Holocaust survivor and non-partisan lifetime senator, said she had contradicted her doctor's advice to travel from Milan to Rome to cast her vote for Conte.
'Difficult' Renzi
Italy was the first European country to face the full force of the pandemic early in 2020 and has been one of the EU's hardest-hit countries.
It has been allocated a large share of a 750-billion-euro ($904 billion) European Union rescue fund, but Conte's 220-billion spending plan was a trigger for the current turmoil.
For weeks, Renzi had criticised Conte for his leadership style and his handling of the pandemic, and warned that he and M5S risked squandering the EU billions.
Critics in turn accused Renzi – whose Italia Viva party is polling at just three percent – of seeking to deliberately destabilise the government so he can play kingmaker.
Conte compared Renzi on Tuesday to “someone who constantly fills the common path with mines” and said he found it “very difficult” trying to govern while being under attack.
Conte is just unbelievable, no you haven’t got a majority you have 156 votes when you need 161 votes.
What you do have is a weak and totally incapable government you should resign. Mattarella really should sort this out for the sake of Italy.