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CLIMATE CRISIS

Death toll rises to 11 in Italy’s flash floods

The toll from storms that drenched Italy and sparked major flooding in the centre of the country has risen to 11, with two people still missing, authorities said on Saturday.

Death toll rises to 11 in Italy's flash floods
An ambulance rides past a damaged car following an overnight rain bomb in Sassoferrato, Ancona province. Photo by Alberto PIZZOLI/AFP

The storms hit on Thursday evening, with more than 400 millimetres (16 inches) of rain falling in some places in just a few hours.

“Searches are ongoing for the two missing,” said a statement from police in Ancona. Local press reports said the two were an eight-year-old child and a 56-year-old woman.

Across the area around Ancona, the port capital of the central eastern Marche region, streets were turned into rivers, cars swept into piles by the floodwaters, furniture washed out of homes and thick mud left everywhere.

More rain was expected in the area on Saturday, with authorities urging people to stay at home.

“Leave the ground floors of your homes and take shelter in the upper floors,” the mayor of Senigallia, Massimo Olivetti, said.

The deadly storms hit just days before the September 25 general elections in the country.

Italy has been hit by severe drought this year, followed by violent end-of-summer storms, and many have drawn the link with climate change — a subject which had taken a back seat during the election campaign.

This summer’s drought, the worst in 70 years, drained the Po River, Italy’s largest water reservoir.

The baking heat has in recent weeks been followed by storms, the water flooding land rendered hard as concrete.

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FLOODS

Which parts of Italy are most at risk of flash floods?

Several parts of Italy have been hit by severe flooding in recent years. But why are floods so frequent in the country and which areas are more exposed to them?

Which parts of Italy are most at risk of flash floods?

In mid-September 2024 large parts of Italy’s northeastern Emilia Romagna region were once again hit by floods which forced the evacuation of over 1,000 residents, as well as the temporary suspension of school classes and rail services in the worst-affected areas. 

But this incident was only the latest in a long series of devastating flash floods that have hit Italy in recent years. 

The Emilia Romagna region was struck by two deadly flooding events in the space of two weeks in May 2023.

Around six months later, in early November 2023, eight people were killed and hundreds evacuated after torrential rain caused rivers in the central Tuscany region to burst their banks, leading to severe flooding.

Why are floods so frequent in Italy? 

According to the latest available data from environmental organisation Legambiente, Italy saw some 510 flooding events from January 2010 to September 2022, 88 of which happened in 2021.

Experts say Italy’s vulnerability to flooding events lies partly in its morphological features as there is often relatively little space available for flood waters to spread out across the territory due to it being limited by mountain ranges (or hills) on one side and the sea on the other.

This means that flood waters are likely to accumulate in relatively small areas, with water levels continuing to rise as a consequence.  

READ ALSO: What you should do when there’s a flood warning in Italy

But the country’s natural susceptibility to flooding events is often exacerbated by human activities, including high levels of urbanisation and land consumption, which reduces the ground’s ‘permeability’ – that is to say its capacity to absorb excess water.

Finally, extreme weather events, including prolonged bouts of torrential rain, have become more frequent and intense in Italy in recent years due to climate change. Italy recorded 378 such events in 2023, up by 22 percent against 2022.

Which parts of Italy are most at risk of flooding?

According to Italy’s Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (Ispra), 14 percent (around 42,000 square kilometres) of the country is at low risk of flooding, 10 percent is at medium risk, and 5.4 percent is at high risk.

The remaining areas are labelled ‘no risk’, meaning that flooding events are highly unlikely. 

But national figures don’t allow for an overview of where at-risk areas are located around the peninsula, which is why it’s worth analysing regional data. 

According to Ispra, Emilia Romagna, in the northeast of the country (see map below), is the Italian region with the highest percentage of at-risk land, with 47.3 percent (this includes high-, medium- and low-risk areas). 

Ispra experts say this is partly due to the presence of small watercourses that run along “narrow riverbeds” and through “morphologically depressed areas” (or lowlands).

Emilia Romagna is followed by Veneto (32.2 percent), Friuli Venezia Giulia (21.5), Tuscany (21.2) and Lombardy (20,3).

When it comes to high-risk areas alone however, the southern Calabria region ranks first as 17.1 percent of its territory is considered to be at alto rischio.

Calabria is followed by Emilia Romagna (11.6 percent), Veneto (10), Friuli Venezia Giulia (9.6) and Lombardy (7.9). 

A general view of a flooded street in Conselice, near Ravenna, in May 2023

A general view of a flooded street in Conselice, near Ravenna, in May 2023. Photo by Andreas SOLARO / AFP

Finally, when looking at provincial data, Ferrara (Emilia Romagna) and Rovigo (Veneto) are Italy’s most flood-prone provinces as at-risk areas (including high-, medium- and low-risk areas) cover 99.9 and 99.1 percent of their territories respectively. 

Ferrara and Rovigo are two of a total of seven provinces in Italy where the percentage of at-risk land exceeds 50 percent of the provincial territory. 

The others are Ravenna, Venezia, Mantua, Reggio Emilia and Bologna.

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