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QURAN BURNINGS

Denmark announces ban on Quran burnings

Denmark could punish people who burn the Quran in public with up to two years in prison under a new law proposed by the government on Friday.

Denmark announces ban on Quran burnings
Danish Justice Minister Peter Hummelgaard, Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen and Deputy Prime Minister Jakob Ellemann-Jensen present a proposal to ban the burning of Qurans and other important religious objects. Photo: Martin Sylvest/Ritzau Scanpix

Denmark’s government plans to ban Quran burnings, Justice Minister Peter Hummelgaard said on Friday, after a string of desecrations of Islam’s holy book in the Scandinavian nation sparked anger in Muslim countries.

The government will present a bill that will “prohibit the inappropriate treatment of objects of significant religious importance to a religious community,” Hummelgaard told reporters, adding that the legislation was aimed especially at burnings and desecrations in public places.

Hummelgaard said Quran burnings were a “fundamentally contemptuous and unsympathetic act” that “harm Denmark and its interests”.

The new legislation would be included in chapter 12 of Denmark’s penal code, which covers national security.

Hummelgaard said that national security was the main “motivation” for the ban.

“We can’t continue to stand by with our arms crossed while several individuals do everything they can to provoke violent reactions,” he said.

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The legislation will also apply to desecrations of the Bible, the Torah or, for example, a crucifix.

Those who break the law risk a fine and two years in prison.

“The government desired a limited and precise legal intervention,” Hummelgaard said.

“[Quran burnings] damage Denmark and Danish interests. It it risks damaging security for Danes abroad and here in Denmark,” he said.

An existing paragraph which already bans, in theory, the burning of other states’ flags, will be expanded to include the Quran and other objects of high religious importance, the government said.

The new law will be worded to cover “inappropriate” treatment of these objects and may therefore not be limited to burning.

Hummelgaard said he was “not going to make an exhaustive list” of what that might entail.

“But it is clear that this certainly covers burning, desecration, stamping and whatever else, and the finer definition will be up to a judge,” he said.

Punishment for breaking the law can extend from a fine to two years in prison.

The change to the law will require a bill to be submitted in parliament and eventually adopted by a majority. The coalition government holds a majority of seats in Denmark’s 179-seat assembly.

The bill will enter a four-week consultation phase and could be formally tabled when parliament opens for the autumn session on October 3rd.

But given the risk “the situation can quickly change” the Justice Ministry also said it would table the bill on September 1st so it can “be processed and adopted before the end of the [current] parliamentary year”.

At the end of July, the government said it would explore legal means of stopping protests involving the burning of holy texts in certain circumstances.

That came after diplomatic and public backlash in several Muslim countries after the Quran was repeatedly desecrated by individuals in Denmark and Sweden.

READ ALSO: TIMELINE: The July Quran burnings in Denmark

Noting that such protests played into the hands of extremists, the government said it wanted to “explore” intervening in situations where “other countries, cultures, and religions are being insulted, and where this could have significant negative consequences for Denmark, not least with regard to security,” it said in a statement from the foreign ministry.

Hummelgaard on Friday denied the new law would put Denmark on a “slippery slope” to restrictive rules on free speech, a concern raised by critics of potential legislation against Quran burnings as well as opposition parties.

“The government has an overall responsibility for Denmark and all Danes. We are making a difficult legal and political judgement,” he said.

The coalition has no plans to enact more laws “of the same character”, he said.

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POLITICS

EXPLAINED: How AI deep fakes are bringing new tensions to Danish politics

Denmark's culture minister said on Monday he hoped to use copyright law to bring an end to the controversial new trend of using deep fake videos in politics. Here's the background.

EXPLAINED: How AI deep fakes are bringing new tensions to Danish politics

Jakob Engel-Schmidt, who represents the Moderate Party, warned that the technique, used in recent videos by the far-right Danish People’s Party and libertarian Liberal Alliance were the “top level of  a slippery slope that could end up undermining our trust in one another and making every political message, newspaper article and artistic publication a potential battleground for whether it is true or false”. 

Which parties have used deepfake video in campaigning? 

The Danish People’s Party at the end of last month issued an AI-generated deepfake video showing a spoof speech in which Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen appeared to announce that Ascension Day, Easter and Christmas would no longer be public holidays, and that they would all be replaced by the Muslim festival of Eid as the country’s only holiday. 

This was a satirical reference to the government’s unpopular decision to abolish Store bededag, or “Great Prayer Day” as a public holiday. 

The video was clearly labelled as AI-generated, and ends with the Danish People’s Party’s leader, Morten Messeschmidt, awakening from a nightmare. 

The Liberal Alliance also released a video for Great Prayer Day, in which it used AI to turn Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen (S), Defense Minister Troels Lund Poulsen (V) and Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen (M) into eccentric-looking characters similar to those in the film’s of the US director Wes Anderson.

What kind of a stir have the videos caused in Denmark? 

Denmark’s Minister for Digitization, Marie Bjerre, who represents the centre-right Liberal Party, was sharply critical of the Danish People’s Party’s move. 

“I think it is way over the line for the Danish People’s Party to make a deepfake of a political opponent. I don’t think it’s proper either, and they shouldn’t do it,” she said. “It is also a problem for our democracy and society. Because with deepfakes, you can create material that looks extremely credible, which means that you can really spread misinformation. That is why it is also very serious that the Danish People’s Party is using deepfake for this kind of thing.” 

She said that such videos should only be allowed if the organisation making or distributing them have received consent from the person depicted. 

“If you want to make deepfakes of people, you must ask for permission. That will be the proper way to do it,” she said. 

Messerschmidt defended the video as light-hearted satire that at the same time educated Danish people about the new technology. 

“What we can do is show Danes how to use the new technologies and how to use them in a good way, like here in an entertaining and satirical way,” he said. 

Although Engel-Schmidt said he was concerned about the use of deepfake videos in politics, he acknowledged that the light-hearted videos released by the two parties were in themselves unlikely to deceive anyone.  

How does Engel-Schmidt hope to regulate such deepfake videos? 

He said he aimed to see whether copyright law could be used to regulate such videos.

Presumably this would mean seeing whether, under law, people have a right to the use of the own image, personality or voice, and can therefore forbid them from being used without permission. 

What do the experts say? 

Christiane Vejlø, one of Denmark’s leading experts on the relationship between people and technology, welcomed the government’s moves towards regulating deepfake videos, pointing to the impact they were already having on politics in other countries such as India and the US.

“There is no doubt that we will have to deal with this phenomenon. It has an impact on something that is most important to us in a democracy – namely trust and faith in other people,” she told Denmark’s public broadcaster DR.

In the current Indian election campaign, she said that deepfakes of popular Bollywood actors had been used to criticise the current government and encourage voters to vote for the opposition.

“In India and the USA we see politicians saying things they could never think of saying. We are getting an erosion of the truth,” she said. 

She said that even if the videos were clearly labelled as AI-generated, it did not necessarily make them unproblematic. 

“Even if you can see that it is a deepfake, it can still influence voters to think that there is something wrong with them [the politician] or that they look stupid,” she said. “We have a situation where another person is used as a digital hand puppet.” 

 
 

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