Erdogan has been increasingly critical of Israel’s war against Gaza-rulers Hamas, triggered after the Islamist gunmen’s deadly attack on October 7th that Israel said killed around 1,200 people, mostly civilians.

While Chancellor Olaf Scholz travelled to Israel to offer Germany’s unconditional and unwavering support after the Hamas attack, Erdogan has doubled down on his defence of the Islamists as “liberators” fighting for their land.

The Turkish leader has accused Israel of committing war crimes with its bombardment and ground incursion in Gaza, where the death toll has mounted past 11,000. These numbers are mostly civilians, including thousands of children, according to Hamas-run health authorities in the territory, whose figures are deemed credible by the UN.

Erdogan’s stance has sparked questions in Germany about the wisdom of hosting the Turkish leader at this time, with the opposition conservatives and even the liberal FDP, a member of Scholz’s coalition, urging Scholz to scrap the invitation.

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But the centre-left-led government said it was all the more important to keep talking in the toughest of times.

“We have always had difficult partners whom we have to deal with,” said Scholz’s spokesman Steffen Hebestreit, acknowledging that it is a visit “that will be challenging given the current circumstances”.

“But it’s not just about telling each other what we think, it’s about moving forward on numerous issues… and for that, we need these talks.”

‘Uncomfortable partner’

Characterised as an “uncomfortable partner” by Scholz’s spokesman, Erdogan will be making his first visit to Germany since 2020, when he attended a conference on Libya in Berlin.

Scholz gave a hint of the tone at the upcoming talks as he slapped down a recent “fascism” accusation against Israel by Erdogan as “absurd”.

Yet the Turkish leader ramped up his verbal attacks against Israel this week, calling it a “terror state” and alleging the West was “trying to exonerate the murderers”.

The daily Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung said Germany offered the “ideal stage” for Erdogan to position himself as a voice for the “global south”.

“As the loudest critic of Israel, he is underlining his demand for leadership of the Islamic world,” said the daily.

Another issue that Erdogan may raise is Turkey’s hopes to buy 40 Eurofighter Typhoon jets, which, according to Turkey’s defence ministry, co-manufacturer Germany opposes.

Ties between the two countries have always been uneasy, with Berlin critical of Erdogan’s clampdown on domestic dissent while recognising that getting regional power Turkey onside was necessary to tackle thorny issues.

From mediating to get grain shipments out of Ukraine amid Russia’s war to negotiating a key deal on alleviating the 2015-2016 migrant influx in Europe, the NATO member remains a crucial player.

Germany is also home to the biggest Turkish diaspora abroad, and a majority of the Turkish community in the country are supporters of Erdogan, including former German international footballer Mesut Ozil.

But Erdogan’s strident criticism of Israel sets him awkwardly against Germany, which has made the existence of Israel unconditional given its responsibilities over the Holocaust.

Josef Schuster, president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, said Erdogan did not deserve to be trusted.

“Anyone who not only denies Israel’s right to exist but also actively fights against it should not a be a partner for German politicians,” he told newspaper group RND.

Scholz “must use the occasion to make clear to Erdogan that his relativisation of Hamas terror cannot be accepted under any circumstances,” said Schuster.

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Calling Erdogan’s accusations against Israel “completely unacceptable”, Michael Roth, who heads the parliamentary committee on foreign affairs, also said the Turkish leader “not only puts a strain on the relations between Germany and Turkey, but above all he is a burden for his own country”.

Yet Roth, who like Scholz is a Social Democrat, said he was in favour of the visit, which will include a meeting between with President Frank Walter Steinmeier before Erdogan sits down for dinner with the chancellor.

The discussions must be with “little fuss and little gloss but a lot of plain language,” said Roth.