In July 2014 pro-Palestinian marches turned violent in Paris, with looters destroying Jewish businesses and some rioters attempting to attack synagogues.
The growing insecurity has also pushed many to make “aliyah” and emigrate to Israel, with record departures in 2015 of 7,900 people, according to official figures. Although there are numerous reasons, more than just security fears, to explain the exodus.
To reassure the community, 700 soldiers have been deployed to patrol outside synagogues, schools and community centres.
“All we can do is try not to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. And that's hard.”