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UNDERSTANDING NORWEGIANS

Five things about life in Norway you’ll probably never get used to

Adapting to life in Norway can take some getting used to and requires a generous pinch of patience and perseverance. With an honest effort, you'll get there, but even then, some things will leave you scratching your head.

Norway's amazing scenery is one of the things that you'll never be able to get used to. Pictured is a boat in a fjord.
Norway's amazing scenery is one of the things that you'll never be able to get used to. Pictured is a boat in a fjord. Photo by Jan Kronies on Unsplash

Every country has its cultural norms, values and unwritten rules that foreign residents can struggle with at times, even after decades in the country. 

Do you agree with the examples we discuss in this article? Are we being too harsh? Praising too enthusiastically? Have we missed something major? Let us know – if we receive enough responses, we’ll write a follow-up article.

Dialects 

Learning a language can be challenging, and no doubt, one of the trickier aspects of learning Norwegian is pronunciation. 

READ ALSO: Five essential words you need when renting a home in Norway 

We all have words that can be tricky. To this day, I still remember one person, in particular, being in hysterics over my initial attempts at pronouncing knekkebrød (I know it’s not that hard and not as tricky as kjæreste, significant other, to get spot-on). As a result, to this day, I’m still somewhat apprehensive about using the word. 

Luckily, because I’m not a great lover of knekkebrød, regardless of pålegg (spread or toppings), it doesn’t come up too often. 

The one thing that makes Norwegian even harder is the various regional dialects, mainly when spoken at speed. Dialects from the west coast of Norway can be the hardest to follow for me.

I’m sure those who picked up Norwegian in the west of the country will argue dialects spoken there are no more complicated to follow than any other regional variations. One tip we can offer is perhaps to try tuning in for NRK Distriknyheter if you want to become more familiar with dialects. 

The weather

It’s pointing out the obvious, but Norway’s winters are long and cold, and the days are short and dark. The most challenging thing about the shorter days is how it always feels as if they sneak up on you. One day the sun is going down at a ‘normal time’, and then the next, the temperatures are in the minuses, and it feels as if it’s almost always dark. I’ve always wondered how those in the northernmost reaches of the country cope.

On a more positive note, having six or seven hours of sunlight in the summer after finishing work always feels a bit like cheating. It gives you the freedom for a days’ worth of activities at the end of each day. It just feels too good to be true at times. Similar to the winters, I am not sure how they cope with the summer in the north.

The scenery 

Aside from the wages, one of the biggest pulls of the country is its outdoor lifestyle and outstanding natural scenery. 

No matter where you are in the country, you are almost certainly within half an hour, probably much less, of some beautiful nature and wildlife. Even in the biggest cities such as Oslo and Bergen, the opportunities to get out into nature are endless. In a lot of cases, you won’t even need a car. Take Songsvann, for example. You can get straight off the T-bane, and around 200 metres away is a massive lake and plenty of trails for hiking, biking and running.

The only downside is the high cost of equipment if there is a particular sport or hobby you want to get into. Luckily you can use sites like Finn.no to find a bargain.  

The people 

Generally, Norwegians aren’t rude or cold as they are often stereotyped. However, they are indeed very reserved and quite socially restrained to begin with. As a result, making friends with locals can seem like a challenging task, sometimes even years after arriving.

Not everyone is like that, and when you do make friends with a Norwegian, it feels more like a friend for life. Furthermore, not all ‘strangers’ are as reserved and ambivalent as others. From personal experience, apartment blocks in Norway can feel like a real tight-knit community. This is especially true in the summer when the communal gardens are fully operational, and the residents are making the most of the sun. 

Whether it’s a sweepstake for big events, major sporting events being screened in the garden, dugnads or simply a neighbour knocking at the door that they’ve finished their laundry and you can use the vaskekjeller (laundry room in the cellar) an hour earlier, it always feels as if something is going on and everyone is included. 

High prices

Scandinavia is expensive. Norway is no exception. You’ll feel the pinch of Norway’s high prices pretty much no matter where in the world you are coming from either. 

Norway has the second-highest prices for food, alcohol and tobacco in Europe, according to Eurostat. But, unfortunately, not all of us can regularly cross over into Sweden for cheaper (and a better selection) groceries or take the ferry to Denmark or Germany and stock up on cheap booze. 

READ MORE: What is harryhandel, and why do Norwegians love it so much?

While high wages offset this to an extent, the taxman also takes a considerable chunk of salaries in Norway though you could argue they are funding a generally well-funded and well-oiled system.

One of the things that make the high prices harder to bear is the lack of choice or variety in most supermarkets. I can find the lack of options stifling and even uninspiring. Maybe having more choice than the typical one or two brands would make paying for groceries that bit more bearable — at least feel you’d that you have a say in what you spend your money on. 

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NORWAY EXPLAINED

EXPLAINED: Why so many Norwegians have two surnames

Most Norwegians you will meet will have two surnames, with this tradition dating back hundreds of years. Over time, the reason why Norwegians have two surnames has changed to keep up with the times.

EXPLAINED: Why so many Norwegians have two surnames

In Norway, as in most countries worldwide, the naming system is a blend of tradition and modernity.

READ MORE: What are locals in Norway’s different regions called?

However, unlike many Western countries, where inherited family names have long been the norm, Norway’s approach to surnames has somewhat unusual roots.

The traditional three-part naming system

Historically, most Norwegians were farmers and did not use inherited family names, according to the Norwegian Interest Group for DNA in Genealogy (NIDNA), a non-profit organisation that promotes DNA as a source and method in genealogical research.

Instead, they followed a three-part naming system.

The first name was the given name of the person.

The second part, known as the patronymic, indicates the father’s first name, such as Sigurdsdatter, meaning “daughter of Sigurd,” or Nilsen, meaning “son of Nils.”

The third part of the name referred to the farm where the person was born or lived. This farm name served as a form of address and would change if the person moved to a different farm.

In this traditional system, neither the patronymic nor the farm name were inherited family names.

What changed between the 19th and 20th centuries?

A whole lot.

Before 1850, most Norwegians adhered to the traditional naming system outlined above.

However, between the mid-19th century and the early 1920s, there was a gradual shift towards using inherited surnames, especially in urban areas.

This change was formalised with the Norwegian Names Act of 1923, which required everyone to have a surname, as the The Genealogy Society of Norway – the largest of its kind in Norway – writes on its website.

Typically, Norwegians in cities chose patronymics as their surnames, while families from rural areas often opted for their farm names.

Norwegian surnames today

Just several generations ago, names often changed when people moved.

A person might have a patronymic and a farm name, such as Jon Persson Haugen, which would change to Jon Persson Skaar if he moved from the Haugen farm to the Skaar farm.

This practice was relatively common until the turn of the 20th century, when fixed European-style surnames became mandatory, mainly for census purposes but also due to streamlined tax and hospital payments, as name expert and researcher Ivar Utne told ung.forskning.no in a recent interview.

A few years back, around 70 percent of Norwegian surnames were derived from farm names, such as Ås, Li, and Hagen, while around 30 percent are solidified patronymics, like Olsen, Larsen, Hansen, and Johansen, according to the NIDNA.

As of 2018, Hansen, Johansen, and Olsen remained the three most common surnames in Norway, with about 150,000 people bearing these names. However, as more Norwegians choose unique surnames, the traditional practice of using a father’s first name as a surname – a patronymic – is gradually fading.

Figures from national data agency Statistics Norway (SSB) reveal a long-term decline in the prevalence of surnames ending in -sen.

A 2021 SSB report highlighted this trend, noting that the proportion of such surnames in the population had dropped to 19.6 percent. 

The rise of two surnames

According to the Norwegian Names Act (Navneloven), every person is required to have a first name and either a single or double surname, with the option to include a middle name as well.

In recent decades, it has become increasingly common for Norwegians to use two surnames, reflecting both the mother’s and the father’s surnames.

This trend aligns with broader societal changes in the country, where married couples often retain their birth surnames.

In Norway, a middle name is usually a surname, not an additional given name.

For instance, if a child’s legal name is Kristian Olaf Rutten Carlsen, “Rutten” could be the middle name, and “Carlsen” the surname.

First names are given names, like Ivar or Sven Kristian.

Wondering why some child names are banned in Norway? Make sure to read our explainer on the topic.

You can find last year’s overview of the most popular baby names in Norway here.

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