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SECOND HOMES

Brexit: What has changed for British second-home owners in France?

Brexit has ushered in a host of new restrictions for Brits visiting France, and keeping up with them all can be hard. Here's our guide to everything that British second-home owners need to know about the new reality.

Brexit: What has changed for British second-home owners in France?
Visits to France are now a little more complicated for second-home owners. Photo: Clement Mahoudeau/AFP

Its convenient location, good transport links, comparatively cheap property market – not to mention the stunning countryside and great food and wine – have long made France a popular destination for Brits looking to buy a second home.

Many thousands of people have invested in French property and travel regularly to spend time in their home-away-from-home.

But following the end of the Brexit transition period there are new rules that second-home owners need to be aware of.

90-day rule

This is probably the one that has the biggest impact – since Brits are no longer citizens of the EU they are restricted to spending only 90 days (three months) out of every 180 within the EU or Schengen zone.

You can find a full breakdown of how the rule works HERE.

In recent weeks it has become clear that French border police are strictly enforcing the limit, and several Brits have been stopped at the border and fined for overstaying their limit.

Visas

The 90-day rule means that second-home owners can spend up to 180 days in France over the course of a year, but not all at once, since the maximum stay limit is 90 days.

This means that spending the summer in France and the winter in the UK, or vice versa, is no longer possible and this is likely to affect second-home owners more than other visitors.

Those who want to spend more than 90 days at a time here, need to get a visa.

You can find a full breakdown of the French visa system HERE, and a guide to the visitor visa – the visa type suitable for people who want to pay longer visits and are not working – HERE.

Travel paperwork

Travelling to France also has some extra post-Brexit complications.

Your British passport is of course still valid, but needs to have at least three months left until its expiry date and if you have decided to get a visa you will also need to show this on arrival.

Non-EU arrivals can be asked at the border to provide extra information such as proof of accommodation while in France, proof of means during the stay and proof of medical cover.

READ ALSO Travel to France: What has changed since Brexit

Pets

It’s not only people who have extra travel hassles, if you regularly bring your dogs, cats or ferrets with you to your French property, remember that they can no longer travel on EU Pet Passports.

Instead UK resident pets need a new Animal Health Certificate for each journey. UK vets charge an average of around £100 per certificate, so if you make multiple journeys in a year and have several pets, prepare for a hefty annual vet’s bill. 

Food

You’ve probably already heard of the ‘ham sandwich rule’ but in fact there are a lot of food items that can no longer be brought from the UK to France, including animal products such as meat or cheese, or fruit and veg and even flowers or plants for the garden are covered by this ruling.

Full details of what is and is not allowed HERE.

Furniture/DIY items

While some items are banned altogether, there is also a value limit on the items you can bring with you from the UK.

Second-home owners involved in renovation projects frequently bring over items of furniture, DIY tools or fixtures and fittings, which tend to be cheaper in the UK, for their French home.

However you need to be careful that these don’t exceed the value limit otherwise you will have to pay duty on them.

Full details on the rule HERE.

Having friends to stay

If you have invited friends and family to visit your French property, they may be asked for an attestation d’acceuil in addition to the normal travel paperwork – here what that means.

Residency

While some people keep their second-home as a holiday property, others might have a long-term plan to retire to France and live in it full time.

This is of course still possible, but it’s more complicated since Brexit since you will require a resident’s visa when you intend to make the move.

There’s a popular misconception that owning property in France makes getting a visa easier, but that is in fact not the case, you still need to apply through the normal channels – find out more HERE

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SECOND HOMES

Campaign launched against second homes in France

Faced with increasing difficulty in finding housing, locals in one area of France have launched a campaign to limit the number of second homes in the region.

Campaign launched against second homes in France

Overall, one in 10 properties in France is used as a second home, with the vast majority having French owners. But the situation in areas that have a particularly high number of second homes has led to locals feeling shut out of the market.

France has so far largely escaped the ‘anti tourist’ protests seen in countries including Spain, but the high number of second homes is a regular source of tension.

The most recent campaign is in Brittany, where a petition has been launched to close down a popular website (Madeuxiememaison.fr, launched in 2021 by the Caisse d’épargne Bretagne – Pays de la Loire) advertising second homes.

The petition accused the website of encouraging people to purchase second homes while Brittany residents are unable to find affordable housing. 

The left-wing political group, Union démocratique brétonne (UDB), launched the petition, writing that “Brittany does not lack housing. The truth is that hundreds of thousands of homes are empty nine months out of 12.”

Tifenn Siret, the spokesperson for UDP explained the petition to BFMTV. She said: “We are looking at an aggressive promotion [of second homes].

“The moment this website went up in 2021, there was a campaign to promote the site in newspapers and the media. We have several ‘housing shortage zones’ where people who work cannot live there.”

Another Brittany resident, Pauline from Finistère, told the French TV channel: “We are struggling to be able to buy homes in the area where we work.”

In response, Caisse d’épargne Bretagne – Pays de la Loire told BFMTV that “Out of 12,000 real estate projects in 2023, only 200 were for second homes, or 1.6 percent.

“We are not the ones creating the market, it’s the buyers who decide. Our role is to be facilitators, to support people.”

Other pushback against second homes

In recent months, second homes – notably those with their shutters closed (volets fermés) – have been targeted with graffiti and posters, BFMTV reported.

In July, a home in Trégunc (in the Finistère département) was sprayed with graffiti bearing the words “Besoin primaire, résidence secondaire” (Primary needs, secondary residence).

In March 2024, a car belonging to second homeowners in Névez (also in Finistère) was set on fire.

Some of these actions, including the burning of the car, have been organised by regionalist groups, such as the FLB (Front de libération de la Bretagne).

Another activist group, Douar Ha Frankis, which has particularly focused on limiting Airbnb rentals in the region, occupied a building used for Airbnb rentals in August, during the Inter-Celtic festival in Lorient, as well as placing flyers and posters on second homes.

The group told Franceinfo that they would like to see quotas put in place to limit the number of second homes in an area. 

What is the second homes situation in Brittany?

The western French region has become more popular amongst second home owners and tourists in recent years, partly due to climate change which has left parts of southern France exceedingly hot in the summer.

READ MORE: Why more and more tourists are flocking to Brittany

According to Ouest France, second homes make up 13.3 percent of properties in the region, higher than the national average of 9.5 percent.

However, those numbers increase significantly when looking at coastal parts of the region and its islands. For example, the Îles du Ponant have closer to 60 percent of properties as second homes, and that number rises to 72 percent for the island of Bréhat.

Local residents have noticed that areas with large portions of second homes have also become more expensive.

In Carnac, a coastal town in the Morbihan, second homes represent 71 percent of properties, BFMTV reported. Meanwhile, property prices in Carnac are closer to €6,027 per square metre, in contrast to the average of €2,814 for the rest of the Morbihan département.

In Saint-Briac-sur-Mer, located in the Ile-et-Vilaine département, the share of second homes is 60 percent, and price per square metre has reached €6,237, compared to the département average of €2,900.

What about other parts of France?

There has been similar pushback in other parts of France, but it is worth noting that the vast majority – around 90 percent – of second homes in France have French owners, and there is no particular animus against foreigners who buy a second home in France.

In 2022, France’s then-finance minister Bruno Le Maire, who owns a second home in the Pays-Basque in south-west France, saw his property briefly occupied by activists.

They called for extra powers for local authorities to impose a surcharge on second homes, with the money going towards creating affordable housing for local people.

Meanwhile, second homes in Corsica, where as many as one in three properties are second homes, have increasingly become targets for arsonists, Le Monde reported.

READ MORE: Where in France are locals protesting about second-home owners?

Steps to rein in second homes?

Thousands of French communes are officially designated as ‘zones tendues’. Literally translated as ‘tense zone’ in this context, it means an area with a housing shortage. 

To be officially designated by the government as a zone tendue, local authorities must be able to show that the area has a housing shortage, or that locals are priced out of the market.

If you own property in a zone tendue it could affect the property taxes you pay.

Areas with zone tendue status have the power to impose a surcharge on the taxe d’habitation on second-homes of up to 60 percent.

As for Airbnb, France imposes several restrictions on people who want to rent out their property via the holiday letting platform Airbnb.

There have also been calls to tighten these rules further, which could be included in the autumn legislative session in parliament, as they were put on hold due to the dissolution of parliament in June 2024.

READ MORE: Revealed: Where in France do foreigners buy second homes?

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