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Germany criticised at UN over Gaza war stance

The Gaza war loomed over a regular UN review of Germany's human rights record on Thursday with numerous mainly Muslim countries decrying its support for Israel and bans on pro-Palestinian protests.

Published: 9 November 2023 16:25 CET
A solidarity demo in support of civilians being killed in Gaza.
A solidarity demo in support of civilians being killed in Gaza. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Andreas Arnold

Germany received broad praise for its robust human rights record during the review at the United Nations in Geneva but faced unusual levels of criticism, especially on its position on the war in Gaza.

Egypt’s representative Ahmed Moharam said Cairo “deeply regrets the unfavourable positions taken by Germany vis-a-vis the rights of the Palestinian people”, while Jordan’s representative slammed the country’s “unbalanced positions”.

Turkey urged Berlin to “halt the provision of any military material or equipment to Israel that may be used in the commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity”.

The war began after Hamas militants on October 7th carried out the deadliest attack in Israel’s history, killing 1,400 people in Israel, mostly civilians, and taking 240 hostages.

Israel has responded with relentless bombardment and a swelling ground offensive in Gaza, killing nearly 10,600 people, mainly women and children, according to the territory’s Hamas-controlled health ministry.

READ ALSO: German Justice Minister calls to ban anti-Semites from becoming German citizens

During Thursday’s so-called Universal Periodic Review (UPR) — which all 193 UN countries must undergo every four years — Germany reiterated Israel’s right to defend itself.

“Israel’s security and right to exist are not negotiable for Germany,” said Luise Amtsberg, the commissioner for human rights policy and humanitarian assistance and head of its delegation.

The review was taking place on the 85th anniversary of the Nazi Kristallnacht pogrom, which foreshadowed the Nazi slaughter of six million European Jews during World War II.

“The protection of Jewish life and our commitment to ‘never again’ is non-negotiable,” Amtsberg said, voicing concern over swelling anti Semitic acts in the past month.

“Jews no longer feel safe,” she told the gathering. “We cannot accept this.”

She stressed that “people in Germany are also justifiably worried about the civilian population in Gaza and the Palestinian territories”.

Israel’s representative Adi Farjon hailed “steps taken by Germany, both nationally and multilaterally, to address the scourge of anti-Semitism”.

But many countries questioned some of the measures taken in the name of fighting anti-Semitism, in particular bans on pro-Palestinian protests.

PODCAST: Why is Germany coming down hard on Palestine solidarity protests?

Qatar’s representative voiced concern at “sanctions and measures taken against demonstrators in Germany for supporting (people) in Gaza”, while Lebanon urged Berlin to “uphold and protect the right to freedom of expression and assembly of its citizens”.

Amtsberg insisted that “everyone in Germany has the right to express his or her opinion freely and to demonstrate peacefully” but added: “there is a limit in connection with criminal acts: terrorism may not be celebrated”.

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POLITICS

ANALYSIS: What’s at stake in Germany’s eastern state elections?

After success in Thuringia and Saxony, the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) may well come in first in another eastern state election this Sunday. We spoke with a political scientist to analyse what's at stake as Brandenburg goes to the polls.

Published: 19 September 2024 09:11 CEST
ANALYSIS: What's at stake in Germany's eastern state elections?

German politics’ “eastern September” is set to finally end Sunday – with more ruminations and reflections likely to come about the recent fortunes of the far-right AfD at the ballot box.

If current polls are anything to go by, the AfD could come in first in the eastern state encircling Berlin – which counts Potsdam as its capital.

After overtaking the governing Social Democrats (SPD) in a recent shock poll, the party is currently at around 28 percent, compared to the SPD on 25 percent. The centre-right Christian Democrats come in at 16 percent in the latest poll and the left-populist Sarah Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) – named after its founder – charts in at 14 percent.

The remaining parties come in much lower – with the Greens, Left and liberal Free Democrats all facing possible ejection from the state parliament.

Another victory for the AfD – or even a strong showing should the SPD still manage a narrow surprise win – will certainly boost the far-right’s confidence, after it came in first in Thuringia and second in Saxony earlier this month, following state elections that saw all three of Germany’s federally governing parties take massive losses.

Thuringia and Saxony results will likely hang over Brandenburg on Sunday – with Germany’s governing parties, many everyday Germans, and foreigners all watching with some trepidation. Here’s what to watch out for following the Brandenburg result.

READ ALSO: ‘Political earthquake’ – What the far-right AfD state election win means for Germany 

A newly confident AfD insists it must be part of government

The AfD has repeatedly argued that it must be considered as a possible coalition partner to join German governments – whether at the federal, state, or local level. 

“There are no politics without the AfD,” its co-leader Tino Chrupalla said following the Thuringia results. However, all other parties have explicitly refused to work with the AfD to form a governing coalition – meaning that as high as its results this month have been, they fall well short of the absolute majority that would be required to govern alone.

READ ALSO: ‘We need change’: Germany’s far-right eyes power after state election win

However, its getting more difficult to form coalitions to keep the AfD out, with the centre-right CDU in Thuringia even open to governing with the leftwing populist BSW after mainstream parties like the Greens and FDP were thrown out of state parliament entirely.

University of Mainz political scientist Kai Arzheimer, who specialises in the German far-right, says whether the far-right ever get into a German government or not depends mostly on whether – and how – the CDU is willing to work with the AfD.

Thuringia election results on a screen

People watch the first exit polls results for Thuringia’s state elections come in at the State Parliament in Erfurt on September 1st, 2024. Photo by Joerg CARSTENSEN / AFP

“For the time being, it should be able to form coalitions against the AfD, even if they are rather awkward,” says Arzheimer, who adds that even the different regional chapters of the CDU may have different opinions about working with the AfD.

“Within the eastern state parties of both the CDU and the FDP, there seems to be some appetite for coming to an arrangement with the AfD. While a formal coalition would probably split either party, we have already seen some tentative moves towards an informal cooperation.”

Ultimately, the Brandmauer or “firewall” concept in German politics – in which all other parties refuse to work with the AfD – may end up coming under increasing stress on the back of eastern state election results, where governing with the far-right no longer becomes unthinkable.

READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: Could the far-right AfD ever take power in Germany?

What the mainstream parties take from eastern election results

It’s probably no coincidence that Germany’s ruling government decided to re-institute border controls at its land borders with other EU states shortly after the AfD topped the Thuringia state poll, according to Arzheimer, who says the elections are just the latest in a number of things at work when if comes to Germany’s migration debate.

“The border controls, the plans for the stricter enforcement of repatriation orders, and most of all the government’s harsher rhetoric are as much a reaction to Saxony and Thuringia as they are an attempt to control the fallout from the Solingen knife attack and a response to the whole ‘debate’ on immigration,” he says.

“Many experts seem to agree that they are neither practical nor that useful, and introducing them more or less overnight smacks of a degree of panic.”

READ ALSO: Should foreign residents in Germany be concerned about far-right AfD win?

Polls conducted following the election found that migration and internal security issues were big drivers of the AfD vote – despite these being issues for the national, rather than regional, government. 

Of the AfD voters in Thuringia, more than 70 percent said either migration or crime and internal security played the largest role in influencing their vote. Slightly less than ten percent said social security. Despite the AfD’s pro-Russian views, only three percent of AfD voters in Thuringia said Germany’s support of Ukraine decisively influenced their votes.

Besides the mainstream parties like the SPD reacting with spur-of-the-moment migration policies, the Brandenburg result may end up putting pressure on Chancellor Olaf Scholz from within his own SPD.

Brandenburg SPD’s Dietmar Woidke may still be able to hold onto the premiership, but he has said he will resign if he doesn’t beat the AfD outright. Should he lose, calls may grow louder within the SPD for Scholz to resign himself – or at least declare that he won’t stand as a chancellor candidate again.

READ ALSO: How an explosive row over immigration has divided Germany

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