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Macron hails ‘courage’ of Russians honouring Navalny

French President Emmanuel Macron hailed on Friday the "courage" of Russians who turned out to mourn opposition leader Alexei Navalny as he was buried in Moscow after his death in an Arctic prison.

FRANCE-OLY-PARIS-2024-VILLAGE-INAUGURATION
France's President Emmanuel Macron looks on during the inauguration of the Paris 2024 Olympic village in Saint-Denis, northern Paris, on February 29th, 2024. Photo by: Ludovic MARIN / POOL / AFP

“Courage was needed to go and pay tribute to Alexei Navalny. Thousands of Russians did not fail to do so. That is his heritage,” Macron said in a post.

Admirers of Alexei Navalny staged tributes in cities around Europe as the Russian opposition leader was laid to rest in a cemetery in Moscow on Friday.

Hundreds gather at tributes to Navalny in cities around Europe

In Berlin, several hundred people gathered in front of the Russian embassy, leaving flowers, lighting candles and placing photos of Navalny. Many were in tears.

Olga, a 24-year-old student who did not want to give her full name, added her flowers to the hundreds of floral tributes.

“I’ve been in Berlin for five years,” she said. “I left Russia because I didn’t agree with the politics there.”

She remembered that when she first came across Navalny and how “the propaganda” dismissed him as a simple blogger.

“I didn’t agree with everything he said… but he woke me up to politics,” she added.

It was clear, now, that “no will do the work in our place, that we have to try harder”, she said.

There were similar scenes in other German cities, including Muenster, in the west.

As people mourned in Berlin, an extract of a Navalny interview was playing, with Frank Sinatra’s “My Way” playing in the background.

‘Navalny represented freedom’

The same song was playing at a ceremony in London attended by around 300 people.

Here too there were floral tributes and messages praising Navalny and denouncing the Kremlin, and many mourners had tears in their eyes.

Among the photos of Navalny was a message asking: “Who’s next?”

Anna, a 48-year-old Anglo-Russian, had brought her 11-year-old daughter to the vigil.

“I want her to know what Navalny did for all of us,” she said. “Navalny represented freedom and hope for Russia.”

She too declined to give her full name, saying she had family in Russia.

Living in “the free world”, attending the ceremony was the least she could do, she said, praising the courage of the mourners in Russia despite warnings from the Kremlin.

“The people who went there are heroes.”

Pavel Tolmachev, a 17-year-old student in London since 2021, said: “I came here to find some support among the people sharing my values.”

“He represented Russia’s future, real democratic values,” he said.

‘We won’t give up’

In Paris, dozens of mourners stood silently in the pouring rain near a war monument at the Trocadero esplanade, across the river from the Eiffel Tower.

Fresh flowers were laid next to pictures of Navalny at a makeshift memorial at the monument.

Some of the placards at the site read: “Thank you” and “We won’t give up”.

“Russia lost hope but Navalny will live on in people’s hearts,” said Nadezhda, a 38-year-old choreographer.

“So many people turned up (in Moscow) today. They are not afraid. I don’t agree that Russians are slaves and Ukrainians are free. If the regime falls people will quicky adapt.”

She declined to give her full name for security reasons, saying she still travelled to Russia.

“For me, Navalny meant freedom and hope for a better future,” said Alexandra, who had brought a bouquet of white tulips to the vigil.

“There is still hope. It is very important to keep hoping,” she said, also declining to give her full name.

Hundreds also gathered in the Serbian capital, Belgrade, at an improvised memorial near the Russian embassy.

“For me, he is a hero,” said 34-year-old designer Olga Zavarina. “We will carry on the fight for his dream.”

“Russia will be free”, read one placard; “Heroes do not die”, read another.

There were similar ceremonies at other cities including the Armenian capital Yerevan, the Croatian capital Zagreb, and Barcelona in Spain.

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POLITICS

What does the new government mean for foreigners in France?

France at last has a new government and one of its four main aims is to "control immigration and promote integration" - so what is this likely to mean for foreigners in France, or those hoping to move here some day?

What does the new government mean for foreigners in France?

After two weeks of intense negotiation, on Thursday evening newly-appointed prime minister Michel Barnier announced that he had succeeded in forming a government.

 He also laid out his four main priorities;

  • Improve the standard of living for the French and the workings of public services, especially schools and healthcare
  • Guarantee security, control immigration and improve integration
  • Encourage businesses and agriculture and build upon the economic attractiveness of France
  • Get public finances under control and reduce debt

He is set to give his Discours de politique générale on October 1st – this is the traditional speech that a prime minister makes laying out the main policy aims of their government.

So what is this likely to mean for foreigners living in France?

Obviously some of these things will have the same effect on foreigners as any other residents of France, since we all use the same healthcare and education systems.

The first challenge for the new government will be a budget that, as Barnier says, “gets public finances under control”. France is facing a ballooning deficit and the threat of a downgrade from ratings agencies if it cannot get spending under control.

Barnier said earlier in the week that he is “discovering that the country’s budgetary situation is very serious” – most people interpreted this as preparing to announce tax hikes.

No details of these plans have been released, but it is thought likely that extra taxes will be on business and the super-rich rather than any increase in income tax or VAT.

Emmanuel Macron’s centrist Renaissance group briefed the press that one of their conditions for joining the new government was a pledge that any tax increases would not target “the middle classes or working French people”.

Immigration

But the strand of government that is most likely to affect foreigners in France, or those hoping to move here some day, is the pledge to “control immigration and promote integration”.

Again there is no detail on this, but the French government’s most recent bill to “promote integration” introduced language tests for certain types of residency card, while raising the language standard required for other processes.

We know that Barnier himself is strongly to the right on the topic of immigration – in his unsuccessful 2022 bid for the Les Républicains presidential nomination he called for a total moratorium on all immigration into France from non-EU countries.

Barnier said he would organise a referendum if elected, asking voters to approve constitutional changes and the ability of parliament to set immigrant quotas each year.

The exact composition of the new government has not been revealed – it is expected “before Sunday” – but we do know that Barnier has appointed several ministers from within the Les Républicains party.

These are reported to include Bruno Retailleau, who sparked outcry with his comments about immigrants in the context of the 2022 riots.

Speaking about the rioters who were arrested, 90 percent of whom were French citizens, he said: “OK, they’re French, but these are French people in their official identity, and unfortunately for the second and third generations (of immigrants), there is a sort of regression towards their ethnic roots.”

Clearly for some politicians, you can never be integrated enough.

New laws?

Although it’s far too early to think of any specific policies – and the government may not last long enough to actually see any laws passed – the debate around France’s recent immigration bill does provide some clues about the goals of right-wing politicians.

The Immigration law that finally passed in January changed – among other things – conditions for certain types of residency card and introduced expanded language tests, a civics test and a declaration of allegiance to ‘French values’ for foreigners living here.

READ ALSO What changes under France’s new immigration bill

However as the bill progressed through parliament, many right-wing lawmakers attempted to add amendments to toughen it up. In the end, most of the amendments were either voted down in parliament or struck out later by the Constitutional Council, but they do provide a guide to right-wing goals.

Among the rejected amendments were;

Migration quotas – the original bill contained nothing about migration quotas, but a section on this was added in the Senate (which is controlled by Les Républicains). The amendment was vague, setting out only the principle that parliament can set migration quotas – the wording of the text talked about ‘economic migration’, suggesting that these quotas would apply only to people coming to France to work, not students or retirees. The quotas would not affect asylum seekers or people arriving on a family reunification visa.

It called for parliament to have an annual debate on migration, with the ‘objective’ of setting quotas or numbers.

This was one of many amendments that was eventually struck out by the Constitutional Council – although on procedural grounds, not because of its content.

Healthcare restrictions – currently undocumented foreigners who are in France for more than three months are entitled to basic healthcare under the Aide medicale de l’Etat, with costs reimbursed by the State for hospital treatment and medication. The amendment proposed a complete ban on this for anyone who is undocumented or in an irregular immigration situation.

Benefit restrictions – currently foreigners in France can qualify for benefits such as housing allowance or certain family benefits after they have been resident for six months, the amendment aimed to increase the qualification period to five years.

Expelling radicalised foreigners – the law that was eventually passed makes it easier to expel radicalised foreigners by removing certain protections, including the restriction that people who came to France aged 13 or under cannot be expelled once they reach adulthood. The amendment aimed toughen this up still further by allowing the expulsion not just of people who are on terror watchlists, but of people who have “committed a grave and deliberate violation of the principles of the French Republic”.

Toughen asylum rules – various amendments aimed to make it easier to expel failed asylum seekers by reducing the amount of time for appeals and allowing a notice to quit the country to be served as soon as a first application is rejected.

Limit family reunification rights – rules around foreigners in France being joined by spouses or family members would also be tightened up under the amendment, with a minimum stay of 24 months before you can be joined by a spouse or family member, and extra financial requirements.

French citizenship for children born in France – currently children who are born in France to foreign parents are automatically given the right to French citizenship once they reach 18 under the droit du sol principle (although in order to do anything practical like get a passport or ID card they still need to apply for a naturalisation certificate). Several amendments proposed that this no longer be an automatic right and children must “express their will” to get citizenship – presumably through an extra admin procedures.

All the immigration measures listed above would apply to non-EU nationals – anyone who needs a visa or carte de séjour to spend more than three months in France.

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