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WORKING IN GERMANY

German chancellor calls for €15 per hour minimum wage

As the debate about the national minimum wage heats up, Germany's Chancellor Olaf Scholz has aired support for a gradual increase to €15 per hour.

Euro notes and coins lie on a table
Euro notes and coins lie on a table. The debate over the national minimum wage is heating up in Germany. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Marijan Murat

Speaking to German media outlet Stern on Tuesday, Olaf Scholz, of the Social Democrats (SPD), said he would support an initial hike in the minimum wage to €14 per hour, followed by an increase to €15 per hour for the lowest earners.

The SPD politician also slammed the recent decision of the minimum wage commission to raise the current floor by just €0.41 cents per year this year and next – a move he described as a “mini adjustment”.

At the last round of talks last year to determine the German minimum wage, the commission had decided on an initial increase from €12 per hour to €12.41 at the start of 2024 to €12.82 from 2025. Previously, the government had raised it from €10.45 per hour to €12 per hour in October 2022. 

However, this time around the commission’s decision was not unanimous, with representatives of workers and trade unions claiming to have been outvoted by the employers on the panel. 

“After the increase to €12 at the beginning of this legislative period, some members of the Minimum Wage Commission, which is supposed to carry out the annual increases, unfortunately broke with the social partnership tradition of deciding by mutual agreement,” said Scholz.

“The employers only insisted on a mini-adjustment. That was a major break with convention.”

READ ALSO: How millions of workers in Germany are earning less than €14 per hour

Scholz’ comments follow a number of statements by SPD politicians in favour of a further hike in the minimum wage in recent weeks.

Previously Saskia Esken, the co-leader of the party, had called for a reform of the Minimum Wage Commisison and a “significant increase” that would enable workers to escape poverty. 

Representatives from the Greens, Left Party, and the Verdi union have also advocated for a €15 minimum wage. Green politician Katrin Göring-Eckardt recently stated that a statutory minimum wage of €14 this year and €15 next year was necessary in light of the soaring cost of living in Germany. 

The debate over the minimum wage has also been fuelled by new statistics revealing that 8.4 million people – equivalent to roughly 10 percent of the population – currently earn less than €14 per hour. 

The minimum wage is typically determined by a commission consisting of representatives of both workers and employers.

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz speaking in the German Bundestag. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Michael Kappeler

READ ALSO: Five things to know about salaries in Germany

However, in 2022, the government stepped in to mandate a €12 per hour minimum wage, fulfilling one of the SPD’s key election pledges. 

“With this, we have created the biggest salary improvement for low-wage workers in years,” Scholz told Stern, adding that warnings about job losses had failed to come to fruition.

If the SPD does step in to mandate another wage increase, it is likely to face fierce opposition from both employers and its pro-business coalition partners, the Free Democrats (FDP).

Last December, Rainer Dulger, the president of the employers’ association, accused the centre-left party of preparing yet another politicial intervention into the national minimum wage. 

This would not only break the SPD’s promise that the €12 hike was a one-off, but also interfere with the autonomy of the commission, Dulger said. 

FDP politicians have also warned the SPD to avoid stepping in once again. 

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IMMIGRATION

Which countries have an immigration deal with Germany?

In a move to encourage skilled immigration into the country, Germany has signed two new migration pacts with Kenya and Uzbekistan. Which countries have similar deals with Germany - and what do they mean?

Which countries have an immigration deal with Germany?

Germany’s urgent search for skilled workers is well known – and over the past few years, the government has been throwing everything at the problem. 

One of the most notable attempts to tackle labour shortages is the Skilled Worker Immigration Law, which came into force in phases in 2023 and 2024. Among other things, this new law loosened the salary requirements for Blue Card holders, created a new points-based visa for jobseekers, relaxed rules for international students and paved the way for easier family reunification.

With so many big changes coming into force with the Skilled Worker Law, far less attention has been paid to a series of pacts that the government has been signing with non-EU countries around the world.

Nevertheless, these deals are a cornerstone of the government’s attempts to get young, qualified workers into the country, and they’re likely to have a significant impact on immigration to Germany in the coming years. 

READ ALSO: 8 things to know about Germany’s new skilled worker immigration law

Who currently has an immigration deal with Germany? 

Back in December 2022, German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock signed the first of its new immigration deals with India, paving the way for easier mobility between the two countries.

It was the outcome of several months of intensive negotiations and covered employment for skilled workers in both the scientific and cultural sector, as well as students and trainees. 

At the time, around 200,000 Indians were living in Germany, including around 34,000 international students. By the end of 2023, this had shot up to 246,000, suggesting that the migration deal was already having a profound impact.

READ ALSO: ‘Germany needs you’ – Labour Minister’s plea to skilled workers from India 

The next migration deal was concluded in December 2023 with Georgia – a country that is currently applying for EU membership. At the same time, the eastern European country was reclassfied as a safe country of origin, meaning asylum applications from Georgia would be generally denied. 

Previously, around 15 percent of rejected asylum applications in Germany had come from Georgia and Moldova – a number that dropped significantly after the new deal was announced. As with India, the aim of the deal was to improve routes for skilled migration, though with a population of just 3.7 million, Georgia is a far smaller country.

William Ruto Olaf Scholz

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz (R) and Kenya’s President William Ruto shake hands at the end of a joint press conference. Photo: Tobias SCHWARZ/AFP.

At the start of 2024 came the next two deals with Morocco and Colombia, deepening Germany’s ties with the populous African and Latin American countries. In a visit to Morocco in January, Interior Minister Nancy Faeser (SPD) pledged to work more closely with her Moroccan counterparts on migration and other domestic issues.

The Colombia deal also reflects Germany’s recent attempts to woo young people in Latin American countries to bring their qualifications and expertise to Europe’s largest economy. Back in June 2023, Labour Minister Hubertus Heil (SPD) signed a “declaration of intent” with Brazil “to promote the mutual exchange of skilled workers”.

READ ALSO: How Germany is partnering with Brazil to recruit more skilled workers

Though this stopped short of a full migration pact, the aim was to encourage some of the 2.5 million qualified nurses in Brazil to come and work in Germany’s struggling care and health sectors. 

Most recently, this September, two further deals were concluded with Kenya and Uzbekistan. Celebrating the Kenya deal, Chancellor Olaf Scholz pointed to the fact that the country has “an unbelievable amount of IT expertise” within the population: an area of the workforce that Germany is desperate to strengthen.

According to the Interior Ministry, Germany is currently in the process of thrashing out additional deals with Ghana, Kyrgyzstan and the Philippines. An upcoming migration pact with Moldova has already been largely implemented.

What do the migration pacts say?

Though each of the migration agreements has its own regional inflections, all of them broadly cover two main objectives: encouraging skilled workers, students and trainees to come to Germany, and helping the government send back those who are living here illegally.

When it comes to the former, this involves offering fresh routes for people from those countries to find skilled employment or a placement for studies or vocational training in Germany. Many of the countries Germany has deals with have younger populations with higher unemployment rates. 

With the latter, Germany’s partner countries generally agree to loosen up their rules for accepting illegal migrants back into the country, as well as helping identify who might be in Germany without a permit.

In the case of the Kenya deal, for example, the Interior Ministry noted that Kenya was the first country south of the Sahara to agree to help identify irregular migrants through biometric data. Additionally, the Kenyan government has agreed to accept expired passports and ID cards to make it easier for Kenyans who have been in Germany for several years illegally to return home. 

READ ALSO: Germany and Kenya strike labour migration deal

Speaking to regional media outlet BR24, migration researcher David Kipp said it would take time for Germany to see the positive effects of the new pacts. However, Kipp believes that they could play an important role in Germany’s efforts to combat its labour shortages.

In the case of India – the earliest of the recent migrations pacts – the fact that around 50,000 Indian citizens came to Germany within the first year alone demonstrates the country’s pull for skilled migrants, Kipp added.

However, the researcher believes that other deals – such as those between the EU and Egypt and Tunisia – are likely to have a larger impact on curbing irregular migration. That said, these deals have been criticised for encouraging human rights abuses, such as Tunisia’s recent “pushbacks” of irregular migrants into the surrounding desert. 

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