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STRIKES

Will Germany see more rail strikes in 2024?

Disputes between the German train drivers' union and Deutsche Bahn have made it a rocky few weeks on the railways. Can we expect to see even more strikes in 2024?

Published: 13 December 2023 10:48 CET
GDL strike Deutsche Bahn Hanover
A woman walks along an icy platform at Hanover Central Station during a GDL strike. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Julian Stratenschulte

This year has not been an easy year so far for Deutsche Bahn and its passengers. It started with weeks of tough pay negotiations with the largest train union, the EVG, and is ending in deadlock with the small but powerful train drivers’ union, the GDL.

After just a single round of talks on pay and working hours, the GDL called its first 20-hour strike on the 15th and 16th of November, accusing Deutsche Bahn of not taking the negotiations seriously.

A further round of talks on November 23rd and 24th ended with the GDL declaring the negotiations “failed” and calling a 24-hour national strike that ran from December 7th to December 8th.

READ ALSO: German train drivers union announces strikes after ‘failed’ talks

Both rounds of industrial action have paralysed train services across the country, with regional and local trains being put out of action, with just one in five long-distance trains remaining in operation. 

With no sign of a resolution on the cards, it looks likely that the dispute will spill over into 2024 and result in longer strikes than we’ve seen so far. 

Here’s what we can expect in the coming months. 

Could there be strikes before Christmas? 

No. Though GDL boss Claus Weselsky originally refused to agree to a Christmas truce, he finally ruled out strikes over the festive period in November, allowing passengers to breathe a small sigh of relief.

The union is currently in the process of balloting its members on so-called “unlimited strikes”, which would allow the union to stage much longer walk-outs than their usual 24-hour warning strikes.

These ballots will get counted on December 19th, according to Weselsky. This means any further strikes won’t happen until after the New Year. 

What can we expect in 2024?

With Christmas and ballot counting on the cards, the GDL has ruled out strikes until January 7th, but is warning that tough tactics will resume straight after that. 

Speaking to the Augsburger Allgemeine newspaper on Wednesday, Weselsky said that “longer industrial action” could be expected from January 8th.

“We will break the railway’s blockade,” he said. 

READ ALSO: Thousands of trains cancelled in Germany as strike hits passengers

Depending on the results of the members’ ballot, future strikes could also last several days or even weeks at a time. That’s because the union leadership needs its members’ support if it wants to stage longer walk-outs next year. 

GDL strike Hanover

Trains sit on the platform in Hanover during a 24-hour warning strike called by the German train drivers’ union. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Julian Stratenschulte

In his interview on Wednesday, Weselsky seemed confident that he could get the green light from members for longer strikes.

“There will be longer strikes in January after a successful ballot,” he said. “There will be no more 24-hour strikes.”

However, the union boss made it clear that there would be no unlimited strikes without an end date. 

“We are responsible enough to not strike forever,” he said.

What’s the dispute all about?

With the expiration of the current collective agreement between the train drivers’ union and Deutsche Bahn, the two sides have been trying to thrash out a deal on pay and conditions for the coming months.

The GDL is demanding a wage increase of at least €555 per month for a period of 12 months, as well as a 25 percent increase in bonuses for shift work and a tax-free payment of €3,000 to offset inflation. 

Deutsche Bahn has countered this with the offer of an 11 percent pay rise over 32 months, along with a tax-free bonus of €2,850 for workers – an offer Weselsky describes as “too long and too little”.

Despite their differences over pay, the main sticking point has been the union’s demand to drop train drivers’ working hours from 38 hours a week to 25.

READ ALSO: How to get compensation for delayed or cancelled trains in Germany

So far, Deutsche Bahn HR manager Martin Seiler has refused to negotiate on this issue, describing the proposal as “unworkable” in light of current staffing shortages.

On the GDL side, Weselsky has argued that reducing hours would make the profession more attractive and said that workers are willing to compromise.

“As far as implementation is concerned, we are prepared to compromise,” he told the Augsburger Allgemeine. “We could start around 2025 and gradually reduce the working week from 38 to 35 hours by 2028.”

If the deadlock continues, one way out could be for both sides to agree to a third-party arbitration process – a solution that helped the EVG and Deutsche Bahn reach an agreement earlier this year.

Another option would be to resume the talks – an option that Deutsche Bahn has said it is open to.

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For members

EES PASSPORT CHECKS

How will the new app for Europe’s EES border system work?

With Europe set to introduce its new Entry/Exit biometric border system (EES) in the autumn there has been much talk about the importance of a new app designed to help avoid delays. But how will it work and when will it be ready?

Published: 7 May 2024 10:29 CEST
How will the new app for Europe's EES border system work?

When it comes into force the EU’s new digital border system known as EES will register the millions of annual entries and exits of non-EU citizens travelling to the EU/Schengen area, which will cover 29 European countries.

Under the EU Entry/Exit System (EES), non-EU residents who do not require a visa will have to register their biometric data in a database that will also capture each time they cross an external Schengen border.

Passports will no longer be manually stamped, but will be scanned. However, biometric data such as fingerprints and facial images will have to be registered in front of a guard when the non-EU traveller first crosses in to the EU/Schengen area.

Naturally there are concerns the extra time needed for this initial registration will cause long queues and tailbacks at the border.

To help alleviate those likely queues and prevent the subsequent frustration felt by travellers the EU is developing a new smartphone app.

READ ALSO: What will the EES passport system mean for foreigners living in Europe?

The importance of having a working app was summed up by Uku Särekanno, Deputy Executive Director of the EU border agency Frontex in a recent interview.

“Initially, the challenge with the EES will come down to the fact that travellers arriving in Europe will have to have their biographic and biometric data registered in the system – border guards will have to register four of their fingerprints and their facial image. This process will take time, and every second really matters at border crossing points – nobody wants to be stuck in a lengthy queue after a long trip.”

But there is confusion around what the app will actually be able to do, if it will help avoid delays and importantly when will it be available?

So here’s what we know so far.

Who is developing the app?

The EU border agency Frontex is currently developing the app. More precisely, Frontex is developing the back-end part of the app, which will be made available to Schengen countries.

“Frontex is currently developing a prototype of an app that will help speed up this process and allow travellers to share some of the information in advance. This is something we are working on to support the member states, although there is no legal requirement for us to do so,” Uku Särekanno said in the interview.

Will the 29 EES countries be forced to use the app?

No, it is understood that Frontex will make the app available on a voluntary basis. Each government will then decide if, when and where to use it, and develop the front-end part based on its own needs.

This point emerged at a meeting of the House of Commons European scrutiny committee, which is carrying out an inquiry on how EES will impact the UK.

What data will be registered via the app?

The Local asked the European Commission about this. A spokesperson however, said the Commission was not “in a position to disclose further information at this stage” but that travellers’ personal data “will be processed in compliance with the high data security and data protection standards set by EU legislation.”

According to the blog by Matthias Monroy, editor of the German civil rights journal Bürgerrechte & Polizei/CILIP the Frontex app will collect passengers’ name, date of birth, passport number, planned destination and length of stay, reason for travelling, the amount of cash they carry, the availability of a credit card and of a travel health insurance. The app could also allow to take facial images. It will then generate a QR code that travellers can present at border control.

This, however, does not change the fact that fingerprints and facial images will have to be registered in front of a guard at the first crossing into the Schengen area.

So given the need to register finger prints and facial images with a border guard, the question is how and if the app will help avoid those border queues?

When is the app going to be available?

The answer to perhaps the most important question is still unclear.

The Commissions spokesperson told The Local that the app “will be made available for Schengen countries as from the Entry/Exit System start of operations.” The planned launch date is currently October 6th, but there have been several delays in the past and may be another one.

The UK parliamentary committee heard that the prototype of the app should have been ready for EU member states in spring. Guy Opperman, Under-Secretary of State at the UK Department for Transport, said the app will not be available for testing until August “at best” and that the app will not be ready in time for October. The committee previously stated that the app might even be delayed until summer 2025.

Frontex’s Särekanno said in his interview: “Our aim is to have it ready by the end of the summer, so it can then be gradually integrated into national systems starting from early autumn”.

READ ALSO: How do the EES passport checks affect the 90-day rule?

Can the system be launched if the app is not ready?

Yes. The European Commission told The Local that “the availability of the mobile application is not a condition for the Entry/Exit System entry into operation or functioning of the system. The app is only a tool for pre-registration of certain types of data and the system can operate without this pre-registration.”

In addition, “the integration of this app at national level is to be decided by each Schengen country on a voluntary basis – as there is no legal obligation to make use of the app.”

And the UK’s transport under secretary Guy Opperman sounded a note of caution saying the app “is not going to be a panacea to fix all problems”.

When the app will be in use, will it be mandatory for travellers?

There is no indication that the app will become mandatory for those non-EU travellers who need to register for EES. But there will probably be advantages in using it, such as getting access to faster lanes.

As a reminder, non-EU citizens who are resident in the EU are excluded from the EES, as are those with dual nationality for a country using EES. Irish nationals are also exempt even though Ireland will not be using EES because it is not in the Schengen area.

Has the app been tested anywhere yet?

Frontex says the prototype of the app will be tested at Stockholm’s Arlanda Airport, in Sweden. Matthias Monroy’s website said it was tested last year at Munich Airport in Germany, as well as in Bulgaria and Gibraltar.

According to the German Federal Police, the blog reports, passengers were satisfied and felt “prepared for border control”.

This article is published in cooperation with Europe Street News.

 
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